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Four circles may be drawn through an arbitrary point P on a torus. The first two circles are obvious: one is in the plane of the torus and the second perpendicular to it. The ...

The term "arbelos" means shoemaker's knife in Greek, and this term is applied to the shaded area in the above figure which resembles the blade of a knife used by ancient ...

The quartic surface obtained by replacing the constant b in the equation of the Cassini ovals with b=z, obtaining [(x-a)^2+y^2][(x+a)^2+y^2]=z^4. (1) As can be seen by ...

A Greek cross, also called a square cross, is a cross in the shape of a plus sign. It is a non-regular dodecagon. A square cross appears on the flag of Switzerland, and also ...

Half a circle. The area of a semicircle of radius r is given by A = int_0^rint_(-sqrt(r^2-x^2))^(sqrt(r^2-x^2))dxdy (1) = 2int_0^rsqrt(r^2-x^2)dx (2) = 1/2pir^2. (3) The ...

In the technical combinatorial sense, an a-ary necklace of length n is a string of n characters, each of a possible types. Rotation is ignored, in the sense that b_1b_2...b_n ...

An equation representing a locus L in the n-dimensional Euclidean space. It has the form L:f(x_1,...,x_n)=0, (1) where the left-hand side is some expression of the Cartesian ...

A plane curve proposed by Descartes to challenge Fermat's extremum-finding techniques. In parametric form, x = (3at)/(1+t^3) (1) y = (3at^2)/(1+t^3). (2) The curve has a ...

The octahedral equation, by way of analogy with the icosahedral equation, is a set of related equations derived from the projective geometry of the octahedron. Consider an ...

The tetrahedral equation, by way of analogy with the icosahedral equation, is a set of related equations derived from the projective geometry of the octahedron. Consider a ...