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Taking the ratio x/y of two numbers x and y, also written x÷y. Here, x is called the dividend, y is called the divisor, and x/y is called a quotient. The symbol "/" is called ...

Two metrics g_1 and g_2 defined on a space X are called equivalent if they induce the same metric topology on X. This is the case iff, for every point x_0 of X, every ball ...

A fiber of a map f:X->Y is the preimage of an element y in Y. That is, f^(-1)(y)={x in X:f(x)=y}. For instance, let X and Y be the complex numbers C. When f(z)=z^2, every ...

If two single-valued continuous functions kappa(s) (curvature) and tau(s) (torsion) are given for s>0, then there exists exactly one space curve, determined except for ...

Any symmetric polynomial (respectively, symmetric rational function) can be expressed as a polynomial (respectively, rational function) in the elementary symmetric ...

A topologically invariant property of a surface defined as the largest number of nonintersecting simple closed curves that can be drawn on the surface without separating it. ...

Given collinear points W, X, Y, and Z, Y and Z are harmonic conjugates with respect to W and X if (|WY|)/(|YX|)=(|WZ|)/(|XZ|). (1) W and X are also harmonic conjugates with ...

Let s_i be the orders of singular points on a curve (Coolidge 1959, p. 56). Harnack's first theorem states that a real irreducible curve of order n cannot have more than ...

A property that passes from a topological space to every subspace with respect to the relative topology. Examples are first and second countability, metrizability, the ...

The imaginary part I[z] of a complex number z=x+iy is the real number multiplying i, so I[x+iy]=y. In terms of z itself, I[z]=(z-z^_)/(2i), where z^_ is the complex conjugate ...