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An (infinite) line determined by two points (x_1,y_1) and (x_2,y_2) may intersect a circle of radius r and center (0, 0) in two imaginary points (left figure), a degenerate ...

The points of tangency t_1 and t_2 for the four lines tangent to two circles with centers x_1 and x_2 and radii r_1 and r_2 are given by solving the simultaneous equations ...

Place two solid spheres of radius 1/2 inside a hollow sphere of radius 1 so that the two smaller spheres touch each other at the center of the large sphere and are tangent to ...

Four circles c_1, c_2, c_3, and c_4 are tangent to a fifth circle or a straight line iff T_(12)T_(34)+/-T_(13)T_(42)+/-T_(14)T_(23)=0. (1) where T_(ij) is the length of a ...

The gear curve is a curve resembling a gear with n teeth given by the parametric equations x = rcost (1) y = rsint, (2) where r=a+1/btanh[bsin(nt)], (3) where tanhx is the ...

Let t, u, and v be the lengths of the tangents to a circle C from the vertices of a triangle with sides of lengths a, b, and c. Then the condition that C is tangent to the ...

The inner Soddy circle is the circle tangent to each of the three mutually tangent circles centered at the vertices of a reference triangle. It has circle function ...

The Gauss map is a function N from an oriented surface M in Euclidean space R^3 to the unit sphere in R^3. It associates to every point on the surface its oriented unit ...

A curve y(x) is osculating to f(x) at x_0 if it is tangent at x_0 and has the same curvature there. Osculating curves therefore satisfy y^((k))(x_0)=f^((k))(x_0) for k=0, 1, ...

If a one-parameter family of curves has index N and class M, the number tangent to a curve of order n_1 and class m_1 in general position is m_1N+n_1M.