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A pyramid is a polyhedron with one face (known as the "base") a polygon and all the other faces triangles meeting at a common polygon vertex (known as the "apex"). A right ...

A random walk is a sequence of discrete steps in which each step is randomly taken subject to some set of restrictions in allowed directions and step lengths. Random walks ...

The common incircle of the medial triangle DeltaM_AM_BM_C (left figure) and the congruent triangle DeltaQ_AQ_BQ_C, where Q_i are the midpoints of the line segment joining the ...

There are two types of squares inscribing reference triangle DeltaABC in the sense that all vertices lie on the sidelines of ABC. The first type has two adjacent vertices of ...

An alternating permutation is an arrangement of the elements c_1, ..., c_n such that no element c_i has a magnitude between c_(i-1) and c_(i+1) is called an alternating (or ...

The game of billiards is played on a rectangular table (known as a billiard table) upon which balls are placed. One ball (the "cue ball") is then struck with the end of a ...

Let N steps of equal length be taken along a line. Let p be the probability of taking a step to the right, q the probability of taking a step to the left, n_1 the number of ...

A tree is a mathematical structure that can be viewed as either a graph or as a data structure. The two views are equivalent, since a tree data structure contains not only a ...

A magic square is a square array of numbers consisting of the distinct positive integers 1, 2, ..., n^2 arranged such that the sum of the n numbers in any horizontal, ...

Given two circles, draw the tangents from the center of each circle to the sides of the other. Then the line segments AB and CD are of equal length. The theorem can be proved ...