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A map is a way of associating unique objects to every element in a given set. So a map f:A|->B from A to B is a function f such that for every a in A, there is a unique ...

The orthographic projection is a projection from infinity that preserves neither area nor angle. It is given by x = cosphisin(lambda-lambda_0) (1) y = ...

The outer Soddy circle is the solution to the four coins problem. It has circle function l=((-a+b+c)^2[f(a,b,c)+16g(a,b,c)rs])/(4bc[(a^2+b^2+c^2)-2(ab+bc+ca)+8rs]^4), (1) ...

In three dimensions, a parallelepiped is a prism whose faces are all parallelograms. Let A, B, and C be the basis vectors defining a three-dimensional parallelepiped. Then ...

The radical circle of three given circles is the circle having center at the radical center of the three circles and is orthogonal to all of them. (A circle with center at ...

The secant numbers S_k, also called the zig numbers or the Euler numbers E_n^*=|E_(2n)| numbers than can be defined either in terms of a generating function given as the ...

The semiperimeter on a figure is defined as s=1/2p, (1) where p is the perimeter. The semiperimeter of polygons appears in unexpected ways in the computation of their areas. ...

A solvable Lie group is a Lie group G which is connected and whose Lie algebra g is a solvable Lie algebra. That is, the Lie algebra commutator series ...

The square wave, also called a pulse train, or pulse wave, is a periodic waveform consisting of instantaneous transitions between two levels. The square wave is sometimes ...

A basin of attraction in which every point on the common boundary of that basin and another basin is also a boundary of a third basin. In other words, no matter how closely a ...