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Let g be a finite-dimensional Lie algebra over some field k. A subalgebra h of g is called a Cartan subalgebra if it is nilpotent and equal to its normalizer, which is the ...

A method for verifying the correctness of an arithmetical operation on natural numbers, based on the same principle as casting out nines. The methods of sevens takes ...

Approximations to Catalan's constant include K approx (9/(10))^(5/6) (1) approx ln(ln892)-1 (2) approx (1/(96))^(1/52) (3) approx (4/(51))^(1/29) (4) approx ...

The problem of finding the number of different ways in which a product of n different ordered factors can be calculated by pairs (i.e., the number of binary bracketings of n ...

Catalan's triangle is the number triangle 1 ; 1 1 ; 1 2 2 ; 1 3 5 5 ; 1 4 9 14 14 ; 1 5 14 28 42 42 ; 1 6 20 48 90 132 132 (1) (OEIS A009766) with entries given by ...

For any system that seeks to minimize a function, only seven different local forms of catastrophe "typically" occur for four or fewer variables: 1. Fold catastrophe, 2. Cusp ...

A game in which no draw is possible. Steinhaus (1999, p. 16) stated that all categorical games are unfair, but this is incorrect. For example, the game "Odds or Evens" pits ...

The product of a family {X_i}_(i in I) of objects of a category is an object P=product_(i in I)X_i, together with a family of morphisms {p_i:P->X_i}_(i in I) such that for ...

This theorem states that, for a partial differential equation involving a time derivative of order n, the solution is uniquely determined if time derivatives up to order n-1 ...

Let {a_n} be a series of positive terms with a_(n+1)<=a_n. Then sum_(n=1)^(infty)a_n converges iff sum_(k=0)^infty2^ka_(2^k) converges.