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The minimal residue of a (mod m) is the value b or b-m, whichever is smaller in absolute value, where a=b (mod m). If m=2b (so that b=|b-m|), then the minimal residue is ...

Let q be a positive integer, then Gamma_0(q) is defined as the set of all matrices [a b; c d] in the modular group Gamma Gamma with c=0 (mod q). Gamma_0(q) is a subgroup of ...

A multidimensional polylogarithm is a generalization of the usual polylogarithm to L_(a_1,...,a_m)(z)=sum_(n_1>...>n_m>0)(z^(n_1))/(n_1^(a_1)...n_m^(a_m)) with positive ...

The negative real axis is the portion of the real axis with x<0.

A positive value of n for which x-phi(x)=n has no solution, where phi(x) is the totient function. The first few are 10, 26, 34, 50, 52, ... (OEIS A005278).

A nonregular number, also called an infinite decimal (Havil 2003, p. 25), is a positive number that has an infinite decimal expansion. In contrast, a number that has a finite ...

A positive even value of n for which phi(x)=n, where phi(x) is the totient function, has no solution. The first few are 14, 26, 34, 38, 50, ... (OEIS A005277).

A function f(n) has the normal order F(n) if f(n) is approximately F(n) for almost all values of n. More precisely, if (1-epsilon)F(n)<f(n)<(1+epsilon)F(n) for every positive ...

A number theoretic function is a function whose domain is the set of positive integers.

The odd part Od(n) of a positive integer n is defined by Od(n)=n/(2^(b(n))), where b(n) is the exponent of the exact power of 2 dividing n. Od(n) is therefore the product of ...