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A number is said to be squarefree (or sometimes quadratfrei; Shanks 1993) if its prime decomposition contains no repeated factors. All primes are therefore trivially ...

The four parameters e_0, e_1, e_2, and e_3 describing a finite rotation about an arbitrary axis. The Euler parameters are defined by e_0 = cos(phi/2) (1) e = [e_1; e_2; e_3] ...

Define psi(x)={1 0<=x<1/2; -1 1/2<x<=1; 0 otherwise (1) and psi_(jk)(x)=psi(2^jx-k) (2) for j a nonnegative integer and 0<=k<=2^j-1. So, for example, the first few values of ...

Consider the general system of two first-order ordinary differential equations x^. = f(x,y) (1) y^. = g(x,y). (2) Let x_0 and y_0 denote fixed points with x^.=y^.=0, so ...

The Dirac matrices are a class of 4×4 matrices which arise in quantum electrodynamics. There are a variety of different symbols used, and Dirac matrices are also known as ...

An incidence system (v, k, lambda, r, b) in which a set X of v points is partitioned into a family A of b subsets (blocks) in such a way that any two points determine lambda ...

Let lambda be (possibly complex) eigenvalues of a set of random n×n real matrices with entries independent and taken from a standard normal distribution. Then as n->infty, ...

Let there be n>=2 integers 0<a_1<...<a_n with GCD(a_1,a_2,...,a_n)=1. The values a_i represent the denominations of n different coins, where these denominations have greatest ...

The convex hull of a set of points S in n dimensions is the intersection of all convex sets containing S. For N points p_1, ..., p_N, the convex hull C is then given by the ...

The Farey sequence F_n for any positive integer n is the set of irreducible rational numbers a/b with 0<=a<=b<=n and (a,b)=1 arranged in increasing order. The first few are ...