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Pre-Algebra

The number of ways a set of n elements can be partitioned into nonempty subsets is called a Bell number and is denoted B_n (not to be confused with the Bernoulli number, ...

Kontsevich's integral is a far-reaching generalization of the Gauss integral for the linking number, and provides a tool to construct the universal Vassiliev invariant of a ...

Probability is the branch of mathematics that studies the possible outcomes of given events together with the outcomes' relative likelihoods and distributions. In common ...

The word quadrature has (at least) three incompatible meanings. Integration by quadrature either means solving an integral analytically (i.e., symbolically in terms of known ...

The Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind are a set of orthogonal polynomials defined as the solutions to the Chebyshev differential equation and denoted T_n(x). They are ...

A notation for large numbers due to Steinhaus (1999). In circle notation, is defined as n in n squares, where numbers written inside squares (and triangles) are interpreted ...

A cylinder can be dissected into unequal squares, with nine squares required at a minimum. Trivial squarings can be constructed by taking rectangle dissections and matching ...

The term used by Hunter and Madachy (1975, p. 24) and Madachy (1979, p. 87) to refer to a panmagic square.

The illusion in view by staring at the small black dot for a half minute or so, then switching to the white dot. The black squares appear stationary when staring at the white ...