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Let f(x) be a nonnegative and monotonic decreasing function in [a,b] and g(x) such that 0<=g(x)<=1 in [a,b], then int_(b-k)^bf(x)dx<=int_a^bf(x)g(x)dx<=int_a^(a+k)f(x)dx, ...

A map phi:M->M where M is a manifold is C^r structurally stable if any C^r perturbation is topologically conjugate to phi. Here, C^r perturbation means a function psi such ...

The tail of a vector AB^-> is the initial point A, i.e., the point at which the vector originates. The tails of a statistical distribution with probability density function ...

To translate an object means to perform a translation. A translate of a mathematical object means a shifted (i.e., translated) version of the object. Hence, one can speak of ...

The depth of a vertex v in a rooted tree as the number of edges from v to the root vertex. A function to return the depth of a vertex v in a tree g may be implemented in a ...

Two lattice points (x,y) and (x^',y^') are mutually visible if the line segment joining them contains no further lattice points. This corresponds to the requirement that ...

A fixed point is a point that does not change upon application of a map, system of differential equations, etc. In particular, a fixed point of a function f(x) is a point x_0 ...

Dawson's integral (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972, pp. 295 and 319), also sometimes called Dawson's function, is the entire function given by the integral F(x) = ...

Let sum_(k=0)^(infty)a_k=a and sum_(k=0)^(infty)c_k=c be convergent series such that lim_(k->infty)(a_k)/(c_k)=lambda!=0. Then ...

Bürmann's theorem deals with the expansion of functions in powers of another function. Let phi(z) be a function of z which is analytic in a closed region S, of which a is an ...