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A set-like object in which order is ignored, but multiplicity is explicitly significant. Therefore, multisets {1,2,3} and {2,1,3} are equivalent, but {1,1,2,3} and {1,2,3} ...

The term negative likelihood ratio is also used (especially in medicine) to test nonnested complementary hypotheses as follows, NLR = ([false negative rate])/([true negative ...

A negative matrix is a real or integer matrix (a)_(ij) for which each matrix element is a negative number, i.e., a_(ij)<0 for all i, j. Negative matrices are therefore a ...

A set of maximum degree to which all other degrees of recursively enumerable sets can be one-one reduced. If set A is many-one complete, then it is one-one complete, and vice ...

A theorem stated in 1882 which cannot be derived from Euclid's postulates. Given points a, b, c, and d on a line, if it is known that the points are ordered as (a,b,c) and ...

The pentagonal rotunda is a convex polyhedron consisting of half of an icosidodecahedron, with the base being filled in by a decagon. It has 10 triangular and five pentagonal ...

A pentahedron is polyhedron having five faces. Because there are two pentahedral graphs, there are two convex pentahedra, corresponding to the topologies of the square ...

A class of game in which players move alternately and each player is completely informed of previous moves. Finite, zero-sum, two-player games with perfect information ...

For a system of n first-order ordinary differential equations (or more generally, Pfaffian forms), the 2n-dimensional space consisting of the possible values of ...

The diameter of a polygon is the largest distance between any pair of vertices. In other words, it is the length of the longest polygon diagonal (e.g., straight line segment ...