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The term used in physics and engineering for a harmonic function. Potential functions are extremely useful, for example, in electromagnetism, where they reduce the study of a ...

A prime factor is a factor that is prime, i.e., one that cannot itself be factored. In general, a prime factorization takes the form ...

The two-dimensional space consisting of the set of triples {(a,b,c):a,b,c in K, not all zero}, where triples which are scalar multiples of each other are identified.

Given a Pythagorean triple (a,b,c), the fractions a/b and b/a are called Pythagorean fractions. Diophantus showed that the Pythagorean fractions consist precisely of ...

A quadratic recurrence is a recurrence equation on a sequence of numbers {x_n} expressing x_n as a second-degree polynomial in x_k with k<n. For example, x_n=x_(n-1)x_(n-2) ...

The quincunx is the pattern of five dots that appears on the "5" side of a 6-sided die. The word derives from the Latin words for both one and five. The Galton board is ...

A robust estimation based on a rank test.

When a measure lambda is absolutely continuous with respect to a positive measure mu, then it can be written as lambda(E)=int_Efdmu. By analogy with the first fundamental ...

A synonym for integer. The word "rational" is sometimes used for emphasis to distinguish it from other types of "integers" such as cyclotomic integers, Eisenstein integers, ...

"The rationals" refers to the set of rational numbers and is commonly denoted Q.