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A quantity (such as a statistical median, quartile deviation, etc.), which is calculated from observed data.

One of the Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms, also known as the axiom of regularity (Rubin 1967, Suppes 1972). In the formal language of set theory, it states that x!=emptyset=> exists ...

The Bernoulli distribution is a discrete distribution having two possible outcomes labelled by n=0 and n=1 in which n=1 ("success") occurs with probability p and n=0 ...

A class of formal series expansions in derivatives of a distribution Psi(t) which may (but need not) be the normal distribution function Phi(t)=1/(sqrt(2pi))e^(-t^2/2) (1) ...

The term domain has (at least) three different meanings in mathematics. The term domain is most commonly used to describe the set of values D for which a function (map, ...

Given a Poisson distribution with rate of change lambda, the distribution of waiting times between successive changes (with k=0) is D(x) = P(X<=x) (1) = 1-P(X>x) (2) = ...

A statistic which assigns a single number to several individual statistics in order to quantify trends. The best-known index in the United States is the consumer price index, ...

In statistical mechanics, the two-dimensional Ising model is a popular tool used to study the dipole moments of magnetic spins. The Ising model in two dimensions is a type of ...

Let L denote the n×n square lattice with wraparound. Call an orientation of L an assignment of a direction to each edge of L, and denote the number of orientations of L such ...

A sufficient condition on the Lindeberg-Feller central limit theorem. Given random variates X_1, X_2, ..., let <X_i>=0, the variance sigma_i^2 of X_i be finite, and variance ...