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The sawtooth wave, called the "castle rim function" by Trott (2004, p. 228), is the periodic function given by S(x)=Afrac(x/T+phi), (1) where frac(x) is the fractional part ...

There exists a positive integer s such that every sufficiently large integer is the sum of at most s primes. It follows that there exists a positive integer s_0>=s such that ...

The Schur decomposition of a complex square matrix A is a matrix decomposition of the form Q^(H)AQ=T=D+N, (1) where Q is a unitary matrix, Q^(H) is its conjugate transpose, ...

A self-isotomic cubic us a triangle cubic that is invariant under isotomic conjugation. The term is commonly applied to mean a pivotal isotomic cubic, in which points P lying ...

Seymour conjectured that a graph G of order n with minimum vertex degree delta(G)>=kn/(k+1) contains the kth graph power of a Hamiltonian cycle, generalizing Pósa's ...

Let a simple graph G have n vertices, chromatic polynomial P(x), and chromatic number chi. Then P(G) can be written as P(G)=sum_(i=0)^ha_i·(x)_(p-i), where h=n-chi and (x)_k ...

The sign of a real number, also called sgn or signum, is -1 for a negative number (i.e., one with a minus sign "-"), 0 for the number zero, or +1 for a positive number (i.e., ...

Guy's "strong law of small numbers" states that there aren't enough small numbers to meet the many demands made of them. Guy (1988) also gives several interesting and ...

SNTP(n) is the smallest prime such that p#-1, p#, or p#+1 is divisible by n, where p# is the primorial of p. Ashbacher (1996) shows that SNTP(n) only exists 1. If there are ...

A square matrix A is a special orthogonal matrix if AA^(T)=I, (1) where I is the identity matrix, and the determinant satisfies detA=1. (2) The first condition means that A ...