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One of a set of numbers defined in terms of an invariant generated by the finite cyclic covering spaces of a knot complement. The torsion numbers for knots up to 9 crossings ...

Turing machines are defined by sets of rules that operate on four parameters: (state, tape cell color, operation, state). Let the states and tape cell colors be numbered and ...

The tribonacci numbers are a generalization of the Fibonacci numbers defined by T_1=1, T_2=1, T_3=2, and the recurrence equation T_n=T_(n-1)+T_(n-2)+T_(n-3) (1) for n>=4 ...

Apéry's numbers are defined by A_n = sum_(k=0)^(n)(n; k)^2(n+k; k)^2 (1) = sum_(k=0)^(n)([(n+k)!]^2)/((k!)^4[(n-k)!]^2) (2) = _4F_3(-n,-n,n+1,n+1;1,1,1;1), (3) where (n; k) ...

One of the quantities lambda_i appearing in the Gauss-Jacobi mechanical quadrature. They satisfy lambda_1+lambda_2+...+lambda_n = int_a^bdalpha(x) (1) = alpha(b)-alpha(a) (2) ...

The Franel numbers are the numbers Fr_n=sum_(k=0)^n(n; k)^3, (1) where (n; k) is a binomial coefficient. The first few values for n=0, 1, ... are 1, 2, 10, 56, 346, ... (OEIS ...

The Jacobsthal numbers are the numbers obtained by the U_ns in the Lucas sequence with P=1 and Q=-2, corresponding to a=2 and b=-1. They and the Jacobsthal-Lucas numbers (the ...

The Tilley graph is a polyhedral graph that arises in the investigation of Kempe chainsKempe Chain (Tilley 2018). It has 12 vertices, 29 edges, and 19 faces (one of which is ...

Given a symmetric positive definite matrix A, the Cholesky decomposition is an upper triangular matrix U with strictly positive diagonal entries such that A=U^(T)U. Cholesky ...

A Lie group is called semisimple if its Lie algebra is semisimple. For example, the special linear group SL(n) and special orthogonal group SO(n) (over R or C) are ...