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It is possible to perform multiplication of large numbers in (many) fewer operations than the usual brute-force technique of "long multiplication." As discovered by Karatsuba ...

The logarithmic integral (in the "American" convention; Abramowitz and Stegun 1972; Edwards 2001, p. 26), is defined for real x as li(x) = {int_0^x(dt)/(lnt) for 0<x<1; ...

The integer sequence beginning with a single digit in which the next term is obtained by describing the previous term. Starting with 1, the sequence would be defined by "1, ...

A Lucas cube graph of order n is a graph that can be defined based on the n-Fibonacci cube graph by forbidding vertex strings that have a 1 both in the first and last ...

The Moser spindle is the 7-node unit-distance graph illustrated above (Read and Wilson 1998, p. 187). It is sometimes called the Hajós graph (e.g., Bondy and Murty 2008. p. ...

A (k,l)-multigrade equation is a Diophantine equation of the form sum_(i=1)^ln_i^j=sum_(i=1)^lm_i^j (1) for j=1, ..., k, where m and n are l-vectors. Multigrade identities ...

The natural logarithm of 2 is a transcendental quantity that arises often in decay problems, especially when half-lives are being converted to decay constants. ln2 has ...

The word net has several meanings in mathematics. It refers to a plane diagram in which the polyhedron edges of a polyhedron are shown, a point set satisfying certain ...

The permutation symbol (Evett 1966; Goldstein 1980, p. 172; Aris 1989, p. 16) is a three-index object sometimes called the Levi-Civita symbol (Weinberg 1972, p. 38; Misner et ...

A rooted tree is a tree in which a special ("labeled") node is singled out. This node is called the "root" or (less commonly) "eve" of the tree. Rooted trees are equivalent ...