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In August 2002, M. Agrawal and colleagues announced a deterministic algorithm for determining if a number is prime that runs in polynomial time (Agrawal et al. 2004). While ...

The conjugate gradient method is not suitable for nonsymmetric systems because the residual vectors cannot be made orthogonal with short recurrences, as proved in Voevodin ...

In most modern literature, a Boolean model is a probabilistic model of continuum percolation theory characterized by the existence of a stationary point process X and a ...

The number obtained by adding the reciprocals of the odd twin primes, B=(1/3+1/5)+(1/5+1/7)+(1/(11)+1/(13))+(1/(17)+1/(19))+.... (1) By Brun's theorem, the series converges ...

The Cauchy principal value of a finite integral of a function f about a point c with a<=c<=b is given by ...

Christoffel symbols of the second kind are the second type of tensor-like object derived from a Riemannian metric g which is used to study the geometry of the metric. ...

The chromatic number of a graph G is the smallest number of colors needed to color the vertices of G so that no two adjacent vertices share the same color (Skiena 1990, p. ...

Complex analysis is the study of complex numbers together with their derivatives, manipulation, and other properties. Complex analysis is an extremely powerful tool with an ...

A number of closed-form constants can be obtained for generalized continued fractions having particularly simple partial numerators and denominators. The Ramanujan continued ...

The convex hull of a set of points S in n dimensions is the intersection of all convex sets containing S. For N points p_1, ..., p_N, the convex hull C is then given by the ...