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A class is a generalized set invented to get around Russell's antinomy while retaining the arbitrary criteria for membership which leads to difficulty for sets. The members ...

The set difference A\B is defined by A\B={x:x in A and x not in B}. Here, the backslash symbol is defined as Unicode U+2216. The set difference is therefore equivalent to the ...

An algebraic surface which can be represented implicitly by a polynomial of degree six in x, y, and z. Examples of quartic surfaces include the Barth sextic, Boy surface, ...

Let p(n) be the first prime which follows a prime gap of n between consecutive primes. Shanks' conjecture holds that p(n)∼exp(sqrt(n)). Wolf conjectures a slightly different ...

The Sierpiński sieve is a fractal described by Sierpiński in 1915 and appearing in Italian art from the 13th century (Wolfram 2002, p. 43). It is also called the Sierpiński ...

The conjecture that all integers >1 occur as a value of the totient valence function (i.e., all integers >1 occur as multiplicities). The conjecture was proved by Ford ...

Let delta=z>=z_(observed). A value 0<=alpha<=1 such that P(delta)<=alpha is considered "significant" (i.e., is not simply due to chance) is known as an alpha value. The ...

In floating-point arithmetic, the significand is a component of a finite floating-point number containing its significant digits. Generally speaking, the significand can be ...

When a number is expressed in scientific notation, the number of significant digits (or significant figures) is the number of digits needed to express the number to within ...

A singular integral is an integral whose integrand reaches an infinite value at one or more points in the domain of integration. Even so, such integrals can converge, in ...