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A Latin square is said to be odd if it contains an odd number of rows and columns that are odd permutations. Otherwise, it is said to be even. Let the number of even Latin ...

Pre-Algebra

Let theta(t) be the Riemann-Siegel function. The unique value g_n such that theta(g_n)=pin (1) where n=0, 1, ... is then known as a Gram point (Edwards 2001, pp. 125-126). An ...

The hyperbolic cotangent is defined as cothz=(e^z+e^(-z))/(e^z-e^(-z))=(e^(2z)+1)/(e^(2z)-1). (1) The notation cthz is sometimes also used (Gradshteyn and Ryzhik 2000, p. ...

The heptanacci numbers are a generalization of the Fibonacci numbers defined by H_0=0, H_1=1, H_2=1, H_3=2, H_4=4, H_5=8, H_6=16, and the recurrence relation ...

An inverse permutation is a permutation in which each number and the number of the place which it occupies are exchanged. For example, p_1 = {3,8,5,10,9,4,6,1,7,2} (1) p_2 = ...

Let {y^k} be a set of orthonormal vectors with k=1, 2, ..., K, such that the inner product (y^k,y^k)=1. Then set x=sum_(k=1)^Ku_ky^k (1) so that for any square matrix A for ...

Integrals of the form intf(costheta,sintheta)dtheta (1) can be solved by making the substitution z=e^(itheta) so that dz=ie^(itheta)dtheta and expressing costheta = ...

The integral of 1/r over the unit disk U is given by intint_(U)(dA)/r = intint_(U)(dxdy)/(sqrt(x^2+y^2)) (1) = int_0^(2pi)int_0^1(rdrdtheta)/r (2) = 2piint_0^1dr (3) = 2pi. ...

Cube point picking is the three-dimensional case of hypercube point picking. The average distance from a point picked at random inside a unit cube to the center is given by ...