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The pseudosmarandache function Z(n) is the smallest integer such that sum_(k=1)^(Z(n))k=1/2Z(n)[Z(n)+1] is divisible by n. The values for n=1, 2, ... are 1, 3, 2, 7, 4, 3, 6, ...

The inverse curve of the Archimedean spiral r=atheta^(1/n) with inversion center at the origin and inversion radius k is the Archimedean spiral r=k/atheta^(-1/n).

An asymmetric matrix is a square matrix that is not symmetric, i.e., a matrix A such that A^(T)!=A, where A^(T) denotes the transpose. An asymmetric matrix therefore ...

The augmented hexagonal prism is Johnson solid J_(54), which is formed from augmentation of one of the lateral faces of an equilateral hexagonal prism by an equilateral ...

A branch of game theory dealing with strategies to maximize the outcome of a given process in the face of uncertain conditions.

If A is an n×n square matrix and lambda is an eigenvalue of A, then the union of the zero vector 0 and the set of all eigenvectors corresponding to eigenvalues lambda is ...

Two geometric figures are said to exhibit geometric congruence (or "be geometrically congruent") iff one can be transformed into the other by an isometry (Coxeter and ...

A limb of a tree at a vertex v is the union of one or more branches at v in the tree. v is then called the base of the limb.

Given a matrix equation Ax=b, the normal equation is that which minimizes the sum of the square differences between the left and right sides: A^(T)Ax=A^(T)b. It is called a ...

The subdiagonal of a square matrix is the set of elements directly under the elements comprising the diagonal. For example, in the following matrix, the diagonal elements are ...