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The term "similarity transformation" is used either to refer to a geometric similarity, or to a matrix transformation that results in a similarity. A similarity ...

The tetrahedral equation, by way of analogy with the icosahedral equation, is a set of related equations derived from the projective geometry of the octahedron. Consider a ...

The n-hypercube graph, also called the n-cube graph and commonly denoted Q_n or 2^n, is the graph whose vertices are the 2^k symbols epsilon_1, ..., epsilon_n where ...

Hoffman (1998, p. 90) calls the sum of the exponents in the prime factorization of a number its roundness. The first few values for n=1, 2, ... are 0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 2, ...

A similar construction can be done by initially erecting a square internally on the side BC. This leads to the A^--inscribed square. The triangle DeltaX^-Y^-Z^- of centers of ...

The Legendre polynomials, sometimes called Legendre functions of the first kind, Legendre coefficients, or zonal harmonics (Whittaker and Watson 1990, p. 302), are solutions ...

Let a space curve have line elements ds_N, ds_T, and ds_B along the normal, tangent, and binormal vectors respectively, then ds_N^2=ds_T^2+ds_B^2, (1) where ds_N^2 = ...

Let t(m) denote the set of the phi(m) numbers less than and relatively prime to m, where phi(n) is the totient function. Then if S_m=sum_(t(m))1/t, (1) then {S_m=0 (mod m^2) ...

The contravariant four-vector arising in special and general relativity, x^mu=[x^0; x^1; x^2; x^3]=[ct; x; y; z], (1) where c is the speed of light and t is time. ...

The residue classes of a function f(x) mod n are all possible values of the residue f(x) (mod n). For example, the residue classes of x^2 (mod 6) are {0,1,3,4}, since 0^2=0 ...