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The functions (also called the circular functions) comprising trigonometry: the cosecant cscx, cosine cosx, cotangent cotx, secant secx, sine sinx, and tangent tanx. However, ...

The trigonometric formulas for pi/5 can be derived using the multiple-angle formula sin(5theta)=5sintheta-20sin^3theta+16sin^5theta. (1) Letting theta=pi/5 and x=sintheta ...

A line can be specified in trilinear coordinates by parameters (l,m,n) such that the trilinear coordinates alpha:beta:gamma obey lalpha+mbeta+ngamma=0. (1) The trilinear line ...

The universal product code (UPC) is a 12-digit number and associated machine-readable bar code used to identify products being purchased in grocery stores. UPCs encode an ...

The union of two sets A and B is the set obtained by combining the members of each. This is written A union B, and is pronounced "A union B" or "A cup B." The union of sets ...

A unique factorization domain, called UFD for short, is any integral domain in which every nonzero noninvertible element has a unique factorization, i.e., an essentially ...

A unit ring is a ring with a multiplicative identity. It is therefore sometimes also known as a "ring with identity." It is given by a set together with two binary operators ...

Consider the problem of comparing two real numbers x and y based on their continued fraction representations. Then the mean number of iterations needed to determine if x<y or ...

Let [arg(f(z))] denote the change in the complex argument of a function f(z) around a contour gamma. Also let N denote the number of roots of f(z) in gamma and P denote the ...

A vector Laplacian can be defined for a vector A by del ^2A=del (del ·A)-del x(del xA), (1) where the notation ✡ is sometimes used to distinguish the vector Laplacian from ...