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The symbol +/- is used to denote a quantity which should be both added and subtracted, as in a+/-b. The symbol can be used to denote a range of uncertainty, or to denote a ...

A power mean is a mean of the form M_p(a_1,a_2,...,a_n)=(1/nsum_(k=1)^na_k^p)^(1/p), (1) where the parameter p is an affinely extended real number and all a_k>=0. A power ...

Andrica's conjecture states that, for p_n the nth prime number, the inequality A_n=sqrt(p_(n+1))-sqrt(p_n)<1 holds, where the discrete function A_n is plotted above. The ...

A Cartan matrix is a square integer matrix who elements (A_(ij)) satisfy the following conditions. 1. A_(ij) is an integer, one of {-3,-2,-1,0,2}. 2. A_(ii)=2 the diagonal ...

An almost integer is a number that is very close to an integer. Near-solutions to Fermat's last theorem provide a number of high-profile almost integers. In the season 7, ...

Pre-Algebra

The hyperbolic cotangent is defined as cothz=(e^z+e^(-z))/(e^z-e^(-z))=(e^(2z)+1)/(e^(2z)-1). (1) The notation cthz is sometimes also used (Gradshteyn and Ryzhik 2000, p. ...

An Argand diagram is a plot of complex numbers as points z=x+iy in the complex plane using the x-axis as the real axis and y-axis as the imaginary axis. In the plot above, ...

In a plane, consider a sum of N two-dimensional vectors with random orientations. Use phasor notation, and let the phase of each vector be random. Assume N unit steps are ...

To define a recurring digital invariant of order k, compute the sum of the kth powers of the digits of a number n. If this number n^' is equal to the original number n, then ...