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In three dimensions, a parallelepiped is a prism whose faces are all parallelograms. Let A, B, and C be the basis vectors defining a three-dimensional parallelepiped. Then ...

A pentagonal pyramid is pyramid having a pentagonal base. The edge length e and slant height s of a pentagonal pyramid with regular base of side length a are given by e = ...

The term perimeter refers either to the curve constituting the boundary of a lamina or else to the length of this boundary. The perimeter of a circle is called the ...

A graphical plot with abscissa given by the number p of consecutive numbers constituting a single period and ordinate given by the correlation ratio eta. The equation of the ...

Two lines, vectors, planes, etc., are said to be perpendicular if they meet at a right angle. In R^n, two vectors a and b are perpendicular if their dot product a·b=0. (1) In ...

A polyare is a polyform formed from a polyomino by removing of half of each square such that at least half of the original join between squares is retained. The first few ...

An algorithm is said to be solvable in polynomial time if the number of steps required to complete the algorithm for a given input is O(n^k) for some nonnegative integer k, ...

A proof by contradiction establishes the truth of a given proposition by the supposition that it is false and the subsequent drawing of a conclusion that is contradictory to ...

A pseudoinverse is a matrix inverse-like object that may be defined for a complex matrix, even if it is not necessarily square. For any given complex matrix, it is possible ...

A mathematical problem, usually not requiring advanced mathematics, to which a solution is desired. Puzzles frequently require the rearrangement of existing pieces (e.g., 15 ...