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A sphere is defined as the set of all points in three-dimensional Euclidean space R^3 that are located at a distance r (the "radius") from a given point (the "center"). Twice ...

A line of constant longitude on a spheroid (or sphere). More generally, a meridian of a surface of revolution is the intersection of the surface with a plane containing the ...

The distance from the center of a circle to its perimeter, or from the center of a sphere to its surface. The radius is equal to half the diameter.

The midsphere, also called the intersphere, reciprocating sphere, or inversion sphere, is a sphere with respect to which the polyhedron vertices of a polyhedron are the ...

A simple closed curve on a sphere that is not necessarily a great circle but merely intersects as a great circle would (Billera et al. 1999).

A small circle is a spheric section that does not contain a diameter of the sphere (Kern and Bland 1948, p. 87; Tietze 1965, p. 25).

The great sphere on the surface of a hypersphere is the three-dimensional analog of the great circle on the surface of a sphere. Let 2h be the number of reflecting spheres, ...

The azimuthal coordinate on the surface of a sphere (theta in spherical coordinates) or on a spheroid (in prolate or oblate spheroidal coordinates). Longitude is defined such ...

The south pole is the point on a sphere with minimum z-coordinate for a given coordinate system. For a rotating sphere like the Earth, the natural coordinate system is ...

In hexagonal close packing, layers of spheres are packed so that spheres in alternating layers overlie one another. As in cubic close packing, each sphere is surrounded by 12 ...