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Rule 54 is one of the elementary cellular automaton rules introduced by Stephen Wolfram in 1983 (Wolfram 1983, 2002). It specifies the next color in a cell, depending on its ...

A method of numerically integrating ordinary differential equations by using a trial step at the midpoint of an interval to cancel out lower-order error terms. The ...

The sample variance m_2 (commonly written s^2 or sometimes s_N^2) is the second sample central moment and is defined by m_2=1/Nsum_(i=1)^N(x_i-m)^2, (1) where m=x^_ the ...

The scalar triple product of three vectors A, B, and C is denoted [A,B,C] and defined by [A,B,C] = A·(BxC) (1) = B·(CxA) (2) = C·(AxB) (3) = det(ABC) (4) = |A_1 A_2 A_3; B_1 ...

Let psi_1(x) and psi_2(x) be any two real integrable functions in [a,b], then Schwarz's inequality is given by |<psi_1|psi_2>|^2<=<psi_1|psi_1><psi_2|psi_2>. (1) Written out ...

A secant line, also simply called a secant, is a line passing through two points of a curve. As the two points are brought together (or, more precisely, as one is brought ...

Self-recursion is a recursion that is defined in terms of itself, resulting in an ill-defined infinite regress. The formula for the volume of a cylinder leads to the ...

Order the natural numbers as follows: Now let F be a continuous function from the reals to the reals and suppose p≺q in the above ordering. Then if F has a point of least ...

As proved by Sierpiński (1960), there exist infinitely many positive odd numbers k such that k·2^n+1 is composite for every n>=1. Numbers k with this property are called ...

Simpson's rule is a Newton-Cotes formula for approximating the integral of a function f using quadratic polynomials (i.e., parabolic arcs instead of the straight line ...