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An expression in mathematics which does not have meaning and so which is not assigned an interpretation. For example, division by zero is undefined in the field of real ...

The point on the positive ray of the normal vector at a distance rho(s), where rho is the radius of curvature. It is given by z = x+rhoN (1) = x+rho^2(dT)/(ds), (2) where N ...

The phrase Tomita-Takesaki theory refers to a specific collection of results proven within the field of functional analysis regarding the theory of modular Hilbert algebras ...

Let p be an odd prime and F_n the cyclotomic field of p^(n+1)th roots of unity over the rational field. Now let p^(e(n)) be the power of p which divides the class number h_n ...

Consider a horse rider who wishes to feed his horse at a field, gather water from a river, and then return to his tent, all in the smallest overall distance possible. The ...

Let A be an involutive algebra over the field C of complex numbers with involution xi|->xi^♯. Then A is a left Hilbert algebra if A has an inner product <·,·> satisfying: 1. ...

Let A be an involutive algebra over the field C of complex numbers with involution xi|->xi^♭. Then A is a right Hilbert algebra if A has an inner product <·,·> satisfying: 1. ...

Let A denote an R-algebra, so that A is a vector space over R and A×A->A (1) (x,y)|->x·y. (2) Then A is said to be alternative if, for all x,y in A, (x·y)·y=x·(y·y) (3) ...

Let K be a number field with ring of integers R and let A be a nontrivial ideal of R. Then the ideal class of A, denoted [A], is the set of fractional ideals B such that ...

The directional derivative del _(u)f(x_0,y_0,z_0) is the rate at which the function f(x,y,z) changes at a point (x_0,y_0,z_0) in the direction u. It is a vector form of the ...