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The twist of a ribbon measures how much it twists around its axis and is defined as the integral of the incremental twist around the ribbon. A formula for the twist is given ...

A two-graph (V,Delta) on nodes V is a collection Delta of unordered triples of the vertices (the so-called "odd triples") such that each 4-tuple of V contains an even number ...

The universal product code (UPC) is a 12-digit number and associated machine-readable bar code used to identify products being purchased in grocery stores. UPCs encode an ...

A graph for which the relations between pairs of vertices are symmetric, so that each edge has no directional character (as opposed to a directed graph). Unless otherwise ...

A unicyclic graph is a connected graph containing exactly one cycle (Harary 1994, p. 41). A connected unicyclic graph is therefore a pseudotree that is not a tree. ...

A left Hilbert Algebra A whose involution is an antilinear isometry is called a unimodular Hilbert algebra. The involution is usually denoted xi|->xi^*.

A natural transformation Phi_Y:B(AY)->Y is called unital if the leftmost diagram above commutes. Similarly, a natural transformation Psi_Y:Y->A(BY) is called unital if the ...

Let A be a unital C^*-algebra. An element u in A is called unitary if u^*u=uu^*=1. For example, for each self-adjoint element a in A, the element ...

A unitary perfect number is a number n which is the sum of its unitary divisors with the exception of n itself. There are no odd unitary perfect numbers, and it has been ...

An unordered pair representation is a representation of an undirected graph in which edges are specified as unordered pairs of vertex indices. The unordered pairs ...