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If a compact manifold M has nonnegative Ricci curvature tensor, then its fundamental group has at most polynomial growth. On the other hand, if M has negative curvature, then ...

A point x in a manifold M is said to be nonwandering if, for every open neighborhood U of x, it is true that phi^nU intersection U!=emptyset for a map phi for some n>0. In ...

Written in the notation of partial derivatives, the d'Alembertian square ^2 in a flat spacetime is defined by square ^2=del ^2-1/(c^2)(partial^2)/(partialt^2), where c is the ...

If W is a simply connected, compact manifold with a boundary that has two components, M_1 and M_2, such that inclusion of each is a homotopy equivalence, then W is ...

An embedding is a representation of a topological object, manifold, graph, field, etc. in a certain space in such a way that its connectivity or algebraic properties are ...

The rank of a vector bundle is the dimension of its fiber. Equivalently, it is the maximum number of linearly independent local bundle sections in a trivialization. ...

The frame bundle on a Riemannian manifold M is a principal bundle. Over every point p in M, the Riemannian metric determines the set of orthonormal frames, i.e., the possible ...

A Hermitian metric on a complex vector bundle assigns a Hermitian inner product to every fiber bundle. The basic example is the trivial bundle pi:U×C^k->U, where U is an open ...

Let C be a smooth geometrically connected projective curve over F_q with q=p^s a prime power. Let infty be a fixed closed point of X but not necessarily F_q-rational. A ...

French curves are plastic (or wooden) templates having an edge composed of several different curves. French curves are used in drafting (or were before computer-aided design) ...