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A sequence of real numbers {x_n} is equidistributed on an interval [a,b] if the probability of finding x_n in any subinterval is proportional to the subinterval length. The ...

A graph H is a minor of a graph G if a copy of H can be obtained from G via repeated edge deletion and/or edge contraction. The Kuratowski reduction theorem states that any ...

A method for finding roots of a polynomial equation f(x)=0. Now find an equation whose roots are the roots of this equation diminished by r, so (1) The expressions for f(r), ...

Approximants derived by expanding a function as a ratio of two power series and determining both the numerator and denominator coefficients. Padé approximations are usually ...

Hardy and Littlewood (1914) proved that the sequence {frac(x^n)}, where frac(x) is the fractional part, is equidistributed for almost all real numbers x>1 (i.e., the ...

The word quadrature has (at least) three incompatible meanings. Integration by quadrature either means solving an integral analytically (i.e., symbolically in terms of known ...

In 1913, Ramanujan asked if the Diophantine equation of second order 2^n-7=x^2, sometimes called the Ramanujan-Nagell equation, has any solutions other than n=3, 4, 5, 7, and ...

The roots (sometimes also called "zeros") of an equation f(x)=0 are the values of x for which the equation is satisfied. Roots x which belong to certain sets are usually ...

By analogy with the sinc function, define the tanc function by tanc(z)={(tanz)/z for z!=0; 1 for z=0. (1) Since tanz/z is not a cardinal function, the "analogy" with the sinc ...

Let Xi be the xi-function defined by Xi(iz)=1/2(z^2-1/4)pi^(-z/2-1/4)Gamma(1/2z+1/4)zeta(z+1/2). (1) Xi(z/2)/8 can be viewed as the Fourier transform of the signal ...