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A type of abstract space which occurs in spline and rational function approximations. The Besov space B_(p,q)^alpha is a complete quasinormed space which is a Banach space ...

Binet's first formula for the log gamma function lnGamma(z), where Gamma(z) is a gamma function, is given by for R[z]>0 (Erdélyi et al. 1981, p. 21; Whittaker and Watson ...

Black-Scholes theory is the theory underlying financial derivatives which involves stochastic calculus and assumes an uncorrelated log normal distribution of continuously ...

The constants lambda_(m,n)=inf_(r in R_(m,n))sup_(x>=0)|e^(-x)-r(x)|, where r(x)=(p(x))/(q(x)), p and q are mth and nth order polynomials, and R_(m,n) is the set of all ...

The ratio C of the largest to smallest singular value in the singular value decomposition of a matrix. The base-b logarithm of C is an estimate of how many base-b digits are ...

A formula for numerical integration, (1) where C_(2n) = sum_(i=0)^(n)f_(2i)cos(tx_(2i))-1/2[f_(2n)cos(tx_(2n))+f_0cos(tx_0)] (2) C_(2n-1) = ...

The Gibbs phenomenon is an overshoot (or "ringing") of Fourier series and other eigenfunction series occurring at simple discontinuities. It can be reduced with the Lanczos ...

A set of vectors in Euclidean n-space is said to satisfy the Haar condition if every set of n vectors is linearly independent (Cheney 1999). Expressed otherwise, each ...

Extend Hilbert's inequality by letting p,q>1 and 1/p+1/q>=1, (1) so that 0<lambda=2-1/p-1/q<=1. (2) Levin (1937) and Stečkin (1949) showed that (3) and ...

Let S_n be the sum of n random variates X_i with a Bernoulli distribution with P(X_i=1)=p_i. Then sum_(k=0)^infty|P(S_n=k)-(e^(-lambda)lambda^k)/(k!)|<2sum_(i=1)^np_i^2, ...