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The resolution principle, due to Robinson (1965), is a method of theorem proving that proceeds by constructing refutation proofs, i.e., proofs by contradiction. This method ...

A cyclic quadrilateral is a quadrilateral for which a circle can be circumscribed so that it touches each polygon vertex. A quadrilateral that can be both inscribed and ...

A cubic curve is an algebraic curve of curve order 3. An algebraic curve over a field K is an equation f(X,Y)=0, where f(X,Y) is a polynomial in X and Y with coefficients in ...

A number of strongly regular graphs of several types derived from combinatorial design were identified by Goethals and Seidel (1970). Theorem 2.4 of Goethals and Seidel ...

A coaxal system is a system of coaxal circles. A spectacular example is the set of circles (circumcircle, nine-point circle, orthocentroidal circle, orthoptic circle of the ...

The orthogonal decomposition of a vector y in R^n is the sum of a vector in a subspace W of R^n and a vector in the orthogonal complement W^_|_ to W. The orthogonal ...

A semialgebraic set is a subset of R^n which is a finite Boolean combination of sets of the form {x^_=(x_1,...,x_n):f(x^_)>0} and {x^_:g(x^_)=0}, where f and g are ...

The Banach density of a set A of integers is defined as lim_(d->infty)max_(n)(|{A intersection [n+1,...,n+d]}|)/d, if the limit exists. If the lim is replaced with lim sup or ...

Bertrand's postulate, also called the Bertrand-Chebyshev theorem or Chebyshev's theorem, states that if n>3, there is always at least one prime p between n and 2n-2. ...

The Lyapunov condition, sometimes known as Lyapunov's central limit theorem, states that if the (2+epsilon)th moment (with epsilon>0) exists for a statistical distribution of ...