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A Fourier series is an expansion of a periodic function f(x) in terms of an infinite sum of sines and cosines. Fourier series make use of the orthogonality relationships of ...

A well-formed formula B is said to be true for the interpretation M (written |=_MB) iff every sequence in Sigma (the set of all denumerable sequences of elements of the ...

A prime factorization algorithm also known as Pollard Monte Carlo factorization method. There are two aspects to the Pollard rho factorization method. The first is the idea ...

By way of analogy with the usual tangent tanz=(sinz)/(cosz), (1) the hyperbolic tangent is defined as tanhz = (sinhz)/(coshz) (2) = (e^z-e^(-z))/(e^z+e^(-z)) (3) = ...

A rose curve, also called Grandi's rose or the multifolium, is a curve which has the shape of a petalled flower. This curve was named rhodonea by the Italian mathematician ...

Propositional calculus, first-order logic, and other theories in mathematical logic are defined by their axioms (or axiom schemata, plural: axiom schemata) and inference ...

A metatheorem in mathematical logic also known under the name "conditional proof." It states that if the sentential formula B can be derived from the set of sentential ...

The volume of a polyhedron composed of N triangular faces with vertices (a_i,b_i,c_i) can be computed using the curl theorem as V=1/6sum_(i=1)^Na_i·n_i, where the normal n_i ...

A proof based on a dissection which shows the formula for the area of a plane figure or of the volume of a solid. Dozens of different dissection proofs are known for the ...

The length of a number n in base b is the number of digits in the base-b numeral for n, given by the formula L(n,b)=|_log_b(n)_|+1, where |_x_| is the floor function. The ...