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Saalschütz's theorem is the generalized hypergeometric function identity _3F_2[a,b,-n; c,1+a+b-c-n;1]=((c-a)_n(c-b)_n)/((c)_n(c-a-b)_n) (1) which holds for n a nonnegative ...

Let T_n(x) be an arbitrary trigonometric polynomial T_n(x)=1/2a_0+{sum_(k=1)^n[a_kcos(kx)+b_ksin(kx)]} (1) with real coefficients, let f be a function that is integrable over ...

Gram's law (Hutchinson 1925; Edwards 2001, pp. 125, 127, and 171) is the tendency for zeros of the Riemann-Siegel function Z(t) to alternate with Gram points. Stated more ...

The word "harmonic" has several distinct meanings in mathematics, none of which is obviously related to the others. Simple harmonic motion or "harmonic oscillation" refers to ...

The Laplace distribution, also called the double exponential distribution, is the distribution of differences between two independent variates with identical exponential ...

The term "left factorial" is sometimes used to refer to the subfactorial !n, the first few values for n=1, 2, ... are 1, 3, 9, 33, 153, 873, 5913, ... (OEIS A007489). ...

A number n is said to be refactorable, sometimes also called a tau number (Kennedy and Cooper 1990), if it is divisible by the number of its divisors sigma_0(n), where ...

The Riemann-Siegel integral formula is the following representation of the xi-function xi(s) found in Riemann's Nachlass by Bessel-Hagen in 1926 (Siegel 1932; Edwards 2001, ...

Perfect numbers are positive integers n such that n=s(n), (1) where s(n) is the restricted divisor function (i.e., the sum of proper divisors of n), or equivalently ...

Exponential decay is the decrease in a quantity N according to the law N(t)=N_0e^(-lambdat) (1) for a parameter t and constant lambda (known as the decay constant), where e^x ...