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The fractal-like two-dimensional function f(x,y)=((x^2-y^2)sin((x+y)/a))/(x^2+y^2). The function is named for the appearance of a butterfly-like pattern centered around the ...

The Byzantine generals problem considers a computer with many programs running, some of them possibly unfriendly, and asks how the computer can function properly. More ...

A C^infty function is a function that is differentiable for all degrees of differentiation. For instance, f(x)=e^(2x) (left figure above) is C^infty because its nth ...

A function with k continuous derivatives is called a C^k function. In order to specify a C^k function on a domain X, the notation C^k(X) is used. The most common C^k space is ...

Given a group G, the algebra CG is a vector space CG={suma_ig_i|a_i in C,g_i in G} of finite sums of elements of G, with multiplication defined by g·h=gh, the group ...

A CW-complex is a homotopy-theoretic generalization of the notion of a simplicial complex. A CW-complex is any space X which can be built by starting off with a discrete ...

Caesar's method is an encryption scheme involving shifting an alphabet (so a->c, b->d, c->e, d->f, etc., x->z,y->a,z->b). It is one of the most basic encryption methods, and ...

The Cairo tessellation is a tessellation appearing in the streets of Cairo and in many Islamic decorations. Its tiles are obtained by projection of a dodecahedron, and it is ...

The maximum number of regions that can be created by n cuts using space division by planes, cube division by planes, cylinder cutting, etc., is given by N_(max)=1/6(n^3+5n+6) ...

Calabi's triangle is the unique triangle other that the equilateral triangle for which the largest inscribed square can be inscribed in three different ways (Calabi 1997). ...