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The ABC (atom-bond connectivity) matrix A_(ABC) of a simple graph is a weighted adjacency matrix with weight f(d_i,d_j)=sqrt((d_i+d_j-2)/(d_id_j)), (1) where d_i are the ...

Given a field F and an extension field K superset= F, an element alpha in K is called algebraic over F if it is a root of some nonzero polynomial with coefficients in F. ...

The ampersand curve is the name given by Cundy and Rowlett (1989, p. 72) to the quartic curve with implicit equation (y^2-x^2)(x-1)(2x-3)=4(x^2+y^2-2x)^2. (1) Although it is ...

An aperiodic monotile, also somewhat humorously known as an einstein (where "einstein" means "one stone", perhaps generalizable to "one tile," in German), is a single tile ...

E. Pegg Jr. (pers. comm., Nov. 8, 2004) found an approximation to Apéry's constant zeta(3) given by zeta(3) approx 10+zeta(16)-sqrt(96), (1) which is good to 6 digits. M. ...

Successive application of Archimedes' recurrence formula gives the Archimedes algorithm, which can be used to provide successive approximations to pi (pi). The algorithm is ...

The arithmetic-geometric matrix A_(AG) of a simple graph is a weighted adjacency matrix with weight f(d_i,d_j)=sqrt(d_i^2+d_j^2), (1) where d_i are the vertex degrees of the ...

In simple terms, let x, y, and z be members of an algebra. Then the algebra is said to be associative if x·(y·z)=(x·y)·z, (1) where · denotes multiplication. More formally, ...

A k-automatic set is a set of integers whose base-k representations form a regular language, i.e., a language accepted by a finite automaton or state machine. If bases a and ...

An Aztec diamond of order n is the region obtained from four staircase shapes of height n by gluing them together along the straight edges. It can therefore be defined as the ...