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A tree decomposition is a mapping of a graph into a related tree with desirable properties that allow it to be used to efficiently compute certain properties (e.g., ...

A topological sort is a permutation p of the vertices of a graph such that an edge {i,j} implies that i appears before j in p (Skiena 1990, p. 208). Only acyclic digraphs can ...

In a graph G, contraction of an edge e with endpoints u,v is the replacement of u and v with a single vertex such that edges incident to the new vertex are the edges other ...

Dijkstra's algorithm is an algorithm for finding a graph geodesic, i.e., the shortest path between two graph vertices in a graph. It functions by constructing a shortest-path ...

A maximal clique is a clique that cannot be extended by including one more adjacent vertex, meaning it is not a subset of a larger clique. A maximum clique (i.e., clique of ...

The Weisfeiler-Leman dimension dim_(WL)(G) of a graph G, sometimes known as the WL dimension, is the smallest integer d such that the d-dimensional Weisfeiler-Leman algorithm ...

"Neighborhood" is a word with many different levels of meaning in mathematics. One of the most general concepts of a neighborhood of a point x in R^n (also called an ...

The Pappus configuration is the 9_3 configuration illustrated above that appears in Pappus's hexagon theorem. It is one of the three 9_3 configurations. The Levi graph of the ...

The Wiener sum index WS is a graph index defined for a graph on n nodes by WS=1/2sum_(i=1)^nsum_(j=1)^n((d)_(ij))/((Omega)_(ij)), where (d)_(ij) is the graph distance matrix ...

Given a graph G, the arboricity Upsilon(G) is the minimum number of edge-disjoint acyclic subgraphs (i.e., spanning forests) whose union is G. An acyclic graph therefore has ...