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The topological entropy of a map M is defined as h_T(M)=sup_({W_i})h(M,{W_i}), where {W_i} is a partition of a bounded region W containing a probability measure which is ...

A simple unlabeled graph whose connectivity is considered purely on the basis of topological equivalence, so that two edges (v_1,v_2) and (v_2,v_3) joined by a node v_2 of ...

A topological sort is a permutation p of the vertices of a graph such that an edge {i,j} implies that i appears before j in p (Skiena 1990, p. 208). Only acyclic digraphs can ...

Two maps phi,psi:M->M are said to be topologically conjugate if there exists a homeomorphism h:M->M such that phi degreesh=h degreespsi, i.e., h maps psi-orbits onto ...

A function f is topologically transitive if, given any two intervals U and V, there is some positive integer k such that f^k(U) intersection V!=emptyset. Vaguely, this means ...

A surface of revolution obtained by rotating a closed plane curve about an axis parallel to the plane which does not intersect the curve. The simplest toroid is the torus. ...

One of a set of numbers defined in terms of an invariant generated by the finite cyclic covering spaces of a knot complement. The torsion numbers for knots up to 9 crossings ...

A ring torus constructed out of a square of side length c can be dissected into two squares of arbitrary side lengths a and b (as long as they are consistent with the size of ...

A relation on a totally ordered set.

Given n mutually exclusive events A_1, ..., A_n whose probabilities sum to unity, then P(B)=P(B|A_1)P(A_1)+...+P(B|A_n)P(A_n), where B is an arbitrary event, and P(B|A_i) is ...