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In nonstandard analysis, the transfer principle is the technical form of the following intuitive idea: "Anything provable about a given superstructure V by passing to a ...

An almost perfect number, also known as a least deficient or slightly defective (Singh 1997) number, is a positive integer n for which the divisor function satisfies ...

A number n is called a barrier of a number-theoretic function f(m) if, for all m<n, m+f(m)<=n. Neither the totient function phi(n) nor the divisor function sigma(n) has a ...

A labeling phi of (the vertices) of a graph G with positive integers taken from the set {1,2,...,r} is said to be r-distinguishing if no graph automorphism of G preserves all ...

Let T be a linear operator on a separable Hilbert space. The spectrum sigma(T) of T is the set of lambda such that (T-lambdaI) is not invertible on all of the Hilbert space, ...

A quasiperfect number, called a "slightly excessive number" by Singh (1997), is a "least" abundant number, i.e., one such that sigma(n)=2n+1. Quasiperfect numbers are ...

Let X=(X,tau) be a topological vector space whose continuous dual X^* may or may not separate points (i.e., may or may not be T2). The weak-* (pronounced "weak star") ...

The Zolotarev-Schur constant is given by sigma = 1/(c^2)[1-(E(c))/(K(c))]^2 (1) = 0.3110788667048... (2) (OEIS A143295), where K(c) is a complete elliptic integral of the ...

If F(x) is a probability distribution with zero mean and rho=int_(-infty)^infty|x|^3dF(x)<infty, (1) where the above integral is a stieltjes integral, then for all x and n, ...

The centroid is center of mass of a two-dimensional planar lamina or a three-dimensional solid. The mass of a lamina with surface density function sigma(x,y) is ...