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A distance g on a set that fulfils the same properties as a metric except relaxes the definition to allow the distance between two different points to be zero. An example of ...

A pyritohedron is an irregular dodecahedron composed of identical irregular pentagons. The name "pyritohedron" derives from that fact that a common crystal form in pyrite has ...

The distance from the center of a circle to its perimeter, or from the center of a sphere to its surface. The radius is equal to half the diameter.

sigma=1/tau, where tau is the torsion. The symbol phi is also sometimes used instead of sigma.

A random composition of a number n in k parts is one of the (n+k-1; n) possible compositions of n, where (n; k) is a binomial coefficient. A random composition can be given ...

A random partition of a number n is one of the P(n) possible partitions of n, where P(n) is the partition function P. A random partition can be given by RandomPartition[n] in ...

A Young tableau chosen at random from those having a given shape. A random tableau can be generated by RandomTableau[shape] in the Wolfram Language package Combinatorica` . ...

A fraction a/b written in lowest terms, i.e., by dividing numerator and denominator through by their greatest common divisor (a,b). For example, 2/3 is the reduced fraction ...

A function is termed regular iff it is analytic and single-valued throughout a region R.

The relative rate of change of a function f(x) is the ratio if its derivative to itself, namely R(f(x))=(f^'(x))/(f(x)).