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The term "real line" has a number of different meanings in mathematics. Most commonly, "real line" is used to mean real axis, i.e., a line with a fixed scale so that every ...

Let X be a normed space and X^(**)=(X^*)^* denote the second dual vector space of X. The canonical map x|->x^^ defined by x^^(f)=f(x),f in X^* gives an isometric linear ...

An analytic function f(z) whose Laurent series is given by f(z)=sum_(n=-infty)^inftya_n(z-z_0)^n, (1) can be integrated term by term using a closed contour gamma encircling ...

A Riemann surface is a surface-like configuration that covers the complex plane with several, and in general infinitely many, "sheets." These sheets can have very complicated ...

Let A be an involutive algebra over the field C of complex numbers with involution xi|->xi^♭. Then A is a right Hilbert algebra if A has an inner product <·,·> satisfying: 1. ...

The Royle graphs are the two unique simple graphs on eight nodes whose sigma polynomials have nonreal roots (Read and Wilson 1998, p. 265). The sigma polynomials of these ...

Let f be analytic on the unit disk, and assume that 1. |f(z)|<=1 for all z, and 2. f(a)=b for some a,b in D(0,1), the unit disk. Then |f^'(a)|<=(1-|b|^2)/(1-|a|^2). (1) ...

The Sendov conjecture, proposed by Blagovest Sendov circa 1958, that for a polynomial f(z)=(z-r_1)(z-r_2)...(z-r_n) with n>=2 and each root r_k located inside the closed unit ...

Two complex measures mu and nu on a measure space X, are mutually singular if they are supported on different subsets. More precisely, X=A union B where A and B are two ...

There are two types of singular values, one in the context of elliptic integrals, and the other in linear algebra. For a square matrix A, the square roots of the eigenvalues ...