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From the point of view of coordinate charts, the notion of tangent space is quite simple. The tangent space consists of all directions, or velocities, a particle can take. In ...

One of the Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms, also known as the axiom of regularity (Rubin 1967, Suppes 1972). In the formal language of set theory, it states that x!=emptyset=> exists ...

A vertex cut, also called a vertex cut set or separating set (West 2000, p. 148), of a connected graph G is a subset of the vertex set S subset= V(G) such that G-S has more ...

Two sets A_1 and A_2 are disjoint if their intersection A_1 intersection A_2=emptyset, where emptyset is the empty set. n sets A_1, A_2, ..., A_n are disjoint if A_i ...

In the theory of transfinite ordinal numbers, 1. Every well ordered set has a unique ordinal number, 2. Every segment of ordinals (i.e., any set of ordinals arranged in ...

In a lattice, any two elements a and b have a least upper bound. This least upper bound is often called the join of a and b, and is denoted by a v b. One can also speak of ...

In a lattice, any two elements a and b have a greatest lower bound. This greatest lower bound is often called the meet of a and b, and is denoted by a ^ b. One can also speak ...

The topology induced by a topological space X on a subset S. The open sets of S are the intersections S intersection U, where U is an open set of X. For example, in the ...

An ultrametric is a metric which satisfies the following strengthened version of the triangle inequality, d(x,z)<=max(d(x,y),d(y,z)) for all x,y,z. At least two of d(x,y), ...

Let X be an infinite set of urelements, and let V(^*X) be an enlargement of V(X). Let H in V(^*X) be an algebra. Then H is hyperfinitely generated provided that it has a ...