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A cubic spline is a spline constructed of piecewise third-order polynomials which pass through a set of m control points. The second derivative of each polynomial is commonly ...

An algorithm used to recursively construct a set of objects from the smallest possible constituent parts. Given a set of k integers (a_1, a_2, ..., a_k) with a_1<a_2<...<a_k, ...

A fast boat is overtaking a slower one when fog suddenly sets in. At this point, the boat being pursued changes course, but not speed, and proceeds straight in a new ...

Let R be the set of all sets which are not members of themselves. Then R is neither a member of itself nor not a member of itself. Symbolically, let R={x:x not in x}. Then R ...

The Grassmannian Gr(n,k) is the set of k-dimensional subspaces in an n-dimensional vector space. For example, the set of lines Gr(n+1,1) is projective space. The real ...

Three elements x, y and z of a set S are said to be associative under a binary operation * if they satisfy x*(y*z)=(x*y)*z. (1) Real numbers are associative under addition ...

Integers (lambda,mu) for a and b that satisfy Bézout's identity lambdaa+mub=GCD(a,b) are called Bézout numbers. For integers a_1, ..., a_n, the Bézout numbers are a set of ...

A clique covering of a graph G is set of cliques such that every vertex of G is a member of at least one clique. A minimum clique covering is a clique covering of minimum ...

A coaxal system is a system of coaxal circles. A spectacular example is the set of circles (circumcircle, nine-point circle, orthocentroidal circle, orthoptic circle of the ...

Two elements x and y of a set S are said to be commutative under a binary operation * if they satisfy x*y=y*x. (1) Real numbers are commutative under addition x+y=y+x (2) and ...