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The topology induced by a topological space X on a subset S. The open sets of S are the intersections S intersection U, where U is an open set of X. For example, in the ...

An ultrametric is a metric which satisfies the following strengthened version of the triangle inequality, d(x,z)<=max(d(x,y),d(y,z)) for all x,y,z. At least two of d(x,y), ...

Let X be an infinite set of urelements, and let V(^*X) be an enlargement of V(X). Let H in V(^*X) be an algebra. Then H is hyperfinitely generated provided that it has a ...

There are four completely different definitions of the so-called Apollonius circles: 1. The set of all points whose distances from two fixed points are in a constant ratio ...

Let Y_n denote the graph with vertex set V(X_n), where X_n is the n-hypercube and two vertices are adjacent in Y_n iff they are at distance 1<=d<=2 in X_n. Y_n is not ...

The term "closure" has various meanings in mathematics. The topological closure of a subset A of a topological space X is the smallest closed subset of X containing A. If R ...

A topological space decomposes into its connected components. The connectedness relation between two pairs of points satisfies transitivity, i.e., if a∼b and b∼c then a∼c. ...

Let S be a nonempty set, then a filter on S is a nonempty collection F of subsets of S having the following properties: 1. emptyset not in F, 2. If A,B in F, then A ...

A compact surface is a surface which is also a compact set. A compact surface has a triangulation with a finite number of triangles. The sphere and torus are compact.

The field of rationals is the set of rational numbers, which form a field. This field is commonly denoted Q (doublestruck Q).