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An edge cover is a subset of edges defined similarly to the vertex cover (Skiena 1990, p. 219), namely a collection of graph edges such that the union of edge endpoints ...

Consider the forms Q for which the generic characters chi_i(Q) are equal to some preassigned array of signs e_i=1 or -1, e_1,e_2,...,e_r, subject to product_(i=1)^(r)e_i=1. ...

Let F be the set of complex analytic functions f defined on an open region containing the closure of the unit disk D={z:|z|<1} satisfying f(0)=0 and df/dz(0)=1. For each f in ...

Model theory is a general theory of interpretations of axiomatic set theory. It is the branch of logic studying mathematical structures by considering first-order sentences ...

The pathwidth of a graph G, also called the interval thickness, vertex separation number, and node searching number, is one less than the size of the largest set in a path ...

The transcendence degree of Q(pi), sometimes called the transcendental degree, is one because it is generated by one extra element. In contrast, Q(pi,pi^2) (which is the same ...

An Abelian semigroup is a set whose elements are related by a binary operation (such as addition, rotation, etc.) that is closed, associative, and commutative. A mathematical ...

Let V be a vector space over a field K, and let A be a nonempty set. Now define addition p+a in A for any vector a in V and element p in A subject to the conditions: 1. ...

The (n,k)-arrangement graph A_(n,k) is defined as the graph on the vertex set consisting of the permutations of {1,2,...,n} containing at most k elements where vertices are ...

An attractor is a set of states (points in the phase space), invariant under the dynamics, towards which neighboring states in a given basin of attraction asymptotically ...