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A binary operation f(x,y) is an operation that applies to two quantities or expressions x and y. A binary operation on a nonempty set A is a map f:A×A->A such that 1. f is ...

A point in a weighted tree that has minimum weight for the tree. The set of all centroid points is called a tree centroid (Harary 1994, p. 36). The largest possible values ...

Given a point set P={x_n}_(n=0)^(N-1) in the s-dimensional unit cube [0,1)^s, the star discrepancy is defined as D_N^*(P)=sup_(J in Upsilon^*)D(J,P), (1) where the local ...

Define the Euler measure of a polyhedral set as the Euler integral of its indicator function. It is easy to show by induction that the Euler measure of a closed bounded ...

An experiment E(S,F,P) is defined (Papoulis 1984, p. 30) as a mathematical object consisting of the following elements. 1. A set S (the probability space) of elements. 2. A ...

Using a set of corners of a solid that lie in a plane to form the polygon vertices of a new polygon is called faceting. Such polygons may outline new faces that join to ...

The free product G*H of groups G and H is the set of elements of the form g_1h_1g_2h_2...g_rh_r, where g_i in G and h_i in H, with g_1 and h_r possibly equal to e, the ...

A basis for the real numbers R, considered as a vector space over the rationals Q, i.e., a set of real numbers {U_alpha} such that every real number beta has a unique ...

Let a_1, a_2, ..., a_n be scalars not all equal to 0. Then the set S consisting of all vectors X=[x_1; x_2; |; x_n] in R^n such that a_1x_1+a_2x_2+...+a_nx_n=c for c a ...

A generalization of an ordinary two-dimensional surface embedded in three-dimensional space to an (n-1)-dimensional surface embedded in n-dimensional space. A hypersurface is ...