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Given a semicircular hump f(x) = sqrt(L^2-(x-L)^2) (1) = sqrt((2L-x)x), (2) the Fourier coefficients are a_0 = 1/2piL (3) a_n = ((-1)^nLJ_1(npi))/n (4) b_n = 0, (5) where ...

A Fourier series in which there are large gaps between nonzero terms a_n or b_n.

Because the Legendre polynomials form a complete orthogonal system over the interval [-1,1] with respect to the weighting function w(x)=1, any function f(x) may be expanded ...

Let n>=0 and alpha_1, alpha_2, ...be the positive roots of J_n(x)=0, where J_n(z) is a Bessel function of the first kind. An expansion of a function in the interval (0,1) in ...

A time series x_1, x_2, ... is nonstationary if, for some m, the joint probability distribution of x_i, x_(i+1), ..., x_(i+m-1) is dependent on the time index i.

Analysis of data ordered by the time the data were collected (usually spaced at equal intervals), called a time series. Common examples of a time series are daily temperature ...

Euler (1738, 1753) considered the series s_a(x)=sum_(n=1)^infty[1/(1-a^n)product_(k=0)^(n-1)(1-xa^(-k))]. He showed that just like log_a(a^n)=n, s_a(a^n)=n for nonnegative ...

By a suitable rearrangement of terms, a conditionally convergent series may be made to converge to any desired value, or to diverge. For example, S = 1-1/2+1/3-1/4+1/5+... ...

Also known as the Leibniz criterion. An alternating series converges if a_1>=a_2>=... and lim_(k->infty)a_k=0.

Let sum_(k=0)^(infty)a_k=a and sum_(k=0)^(infty)c_k=c be convergent series such that lim_(k->infty)(a_k)/(c_k)=lambda!=0. Then ...