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Assume that n numbered pancakes are stacked, and that a spatula can be used to reverse the order of the top k pancakes for 2<=k<=n. Then the pancake sorting problem asks how ...

A prime p is said to be a Sophie Germain prime if both p and 2p+1 are prime. The first few Sophie Germain primes are 2, 3, 5, 11, 23, 29, 41, 53, 83, 89, 113, 131, ... (OEIS ...

A "square" word consists of two identical adjacent subwords (for example, acbacb). A squarefree word contains no square words as subwords (for example, abcacbabcb). The only ...

A finite group is a group having finite group order. Examples of finite groups are the modulo multiplication groups, point groups, cyclic groups, dihedral groups, symmetric ...

The identity sum_(y=0)^m(m; y)(w+m-y)^(m-y-1)(z+y)^y=w^(-1)(z+w+m)^m (Bhatnagar 1995, p. 51). There are a host of other such binomial identities.

Let L(x) denote the Rogers L-function defined in terms of the usual dilogarithm by L(x) = 6/(pi^2)[Li_2(x)+1/2lnxln(1-x)] (1) = ...

A branch point whose neighborhood of values wrap around the range a finite number of times p as their complex arguments theta varies from 0 to a multiple of 2pi is called an ...

The second-order ordinary differential equation y^('')+(y^')/x+(1-(nu^2)/(x^2))y=(x-nu)/(pix^2)sin(pinu) whose solutions are Anger functions.

An entire function which is a generalization of the Bessel function of the first kind defined by J_nu(z)=1/piint_0^picos(nutheta-zsintheta)dtheta. Anger's original function ...

The mathematical study of how given quantities can be approximated by other (usually simpler) ones under appropriate conditions. Approximation theory also studies the size ...