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The dihedral group D_4 is one of the two non-Abelian groups of the five groups total of group order 8. It is sometimes called the octic group. An example of D_4 is the ...

A line is a straight one-dimensional figure having no thickness and extending infinitely in both directions. A line is sometimes called a straight line or, more archaically, ...

The term "square" can be used to mean either a square number ("x^2 is the square of x") or a geometric figure consisting of a convex quadrilateral with sides of equal length ...

A fractal is an object or quantity that displays self-similarity, in a somewhat technical sense, on all scales. The object need not exhibit exactly the same structure at all ...

The term "integral" can refer to a number of different concepts in mathematics. The most common meaning is the the fundamenetal object of calculus corresponding to summing ...

A generalization of the Bulirsch-Stoer algorithm for solving ordinary differential equations.

The centroid of the four points constituting an orthocentric system is the center of the common nine-point circle (Johnson 1929, p. 249). This fact automatically guarantees ...

A fractional derivative of order 1/2. The semiderivative of t^lambda is given by D^(1/2)t^lambda=(t^(lambda-1/2)Gamma(lambda+1))/(Gamma(lambda+1/2)), so the semiderivative of ...

Denote the nth derivative D^n and the n-fold integral D^(-n). Then D^(-1)f(t)=int_0^tf(xi)dxi. (1) Now, if the equation D^(-n)f(t)=1/((n-1)!)int_0^t(t-xi)^(n-1)f(xi)dxi (2) ...

A semicubical parabola is a curve of the form y=+/-ax^(3/2) (1) (i.e., it is half a cubic, and hence has power 3/2). It has parametric equations x = t^2 (2) y = at^3, (3) and ...