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The lituus is an Archimedean spiral with n=-2, having polar equation r^2theta=a^2. (1) Lituus means a "crook," in the sense of a bishop's crosier. The lituus curve originated ...

The problem of finding the strategy to guarantee reaching the boundary of a given region ("forest") in the shortest distance (i.e., a strategy having the best worst-case ...

In the mice problem, also called the beetle problem, n mice start at the corners of a regular n-gon of unit side length, each heading towards its closest neighboring mouse in ...

A heterosquare is an n×n array of the integers from 1 to n^2 such that the rows, columns, and diagonals have different sums. (By contrast, in a magic square, they have the ...

A surface harmonic of degree l which is premultiplied by a factor r^l. Confusingly, solid harmonics are also known as "spherical harmonics" (Whittaker and Watson 1990, p. ...

A spherical image of a curve. The most common indicatrix is Dupin's indicatrix.

A curve which may pass through any region of three-dimensional space, as contrasted to a plane curve which must lie in a single plane. Von Staudt (1847) classified space ...

Each of the maps in a chain complex ...->C_(i+1)->^(d_(i+1))C_i->^(d_i)C_(i-1)->... is known as a boundary operator.

A pair of identical plane regions (mirror symmetric about two perpendicular lines through the center) which can be stitched together to form a baseball (or tennis ball). A ...

There are a number of slightly different definitions of the Fresnel integrals. In physics, the Fresnel integrals denoted C(u) and S(u) are most often defined by C(u)+iS(u) = ...